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Rural area management
In the following there is a summary about rural areas in order to give also those who are not directly concerned an understanding of this complex and sensible business area.
About rural areas:
The Rural area management affects more then 90% of the earth’s surface – in detail nearly 13 bn ha worldwide - and targets averaged about 50% of the world population living in rural areas. It includes agriculture (arable land 1,4 bn ha, pastures 3,2 and permanent crops 0,1 bn ha - in total 4,7 bn ha) and with it the production of food for 6,4 bn people today. In 40 years there will be nearly 10 bn people and the growth of food use is predicted with +80% (FAO). This amazing figure is declared by the fact, that meat growth will increase disproportional to the growth of other food.
Further, rural area management includes forestry – about 4,0 bn ha - that can be seen as sustainable only in a small part of the world today. The forestry together with agriculture is THE important O² (Oxygen) producer and CO² sink and possibly THE energy producer or at least one of the energy sources of the future as it was likewise in the past.
Rural areas are more than only food and wood and energy: They are a necessary regulator for the CO² - O² balance - also known due to the temperature increase or climate change. The total carbon content of forests has been estimated with 638 Gt for 2005 that is more than the amount of carbon in the entire atmosphere. This shows the storage capacity of forests. Further, rural areas are natural – or human supported – buffer areas for a large amount of natural risks like flood, landslide, rock fall, avalanches, torrents or desertification, just to cite some examples. In the same manner than a forest can keep the snow on top of the mountains also mangroves could have buffered a tsunami or in other words it is easier and cheaper to prevent – with human support sometimes – than to heal. The damages e.g. coming from natural disasters will increase 2010 - 2019 by 41 Bio USD per year ( )!!
But rural areas are also pillars for development and poverty reduction. In the following there are some statements of the WDR 2008 report (World Development Report) completed with some statements of PROGIS regarding their specific “AGROffice software technology”:
Management of rural areas and the necessity of a holistic approach:
Although people start to understand the need to have healthy, prosperous and sustainable managed rural areas for the whole population – independent of the trend of migration into cities - the management of rural areas is split up into an immense number of different public and/or private interests today. In some countries, farmers/foresters assume a certain social responsibility towards the public, but in many countries there doesn’t exist any necessary responsibility, probably also due to the fact, that they are not paid for it - that their work on the environment is taken for granted. FAO demands to pay farmers for environment caretaking – this means to define targets, to measure services and to pay according efforts.
In addition to farmers and foresters also organisations like rural area land-management and / or land use planning, the agricultural chambers representing the farmers, public organisations for rivers, lakes, farms, forests, water including groundwater, torrents or avalanches, general natural risk management, forest fire, wildlife and any amount of NGOs are covering also some elements of rural areas. There is too less or no communication between mentioned organisations and in most cases neither IT tools nor base data are available for their effective work. Each organisation starts practically from zero instead of exchanging existing data to get new information. They are heavily defending their individual targets as the most important ones, needing the maximum support from the government without having ever defined an overall target.
Today the management of rural areas is the largest IT market worldwide not yet really touched. US studies show that farmers in the US are using PCs and Internet at a high percentage (40+%), but details show that they use it only to a small part for business (market information mainly). There are only 20 % using computers for their business – an amazing figure considering the US as THE IT country. What’s actually about the rest of the world?
Today we don’t find anywhere an existing, integrated or holistic approach that would be necessary to get a real picture of rural areas, of farms and forests. There do exist only some business data, but even the basic information like on soil or forest ground with its contents and alterations, their energy and nutrient balance etc. are missing in most of the cases. That would be the most elementary and important information for getting a real picture for evaluating e.g. a groundwater situation, biodiversity etc. for a sustainable management of rural areas (see also next side - bottom up approach). Reasons therefore are missing integrative IT tools that can be used by all involved in the food and feed processing chain beginning from the farmer until the public authority. That doesn’t mean that all would have to work with one system, but there has to be provided a solution with open interfaces to get linked with or to have access to.
In the following we would like to demonstrate the complexity of a rural area management compared with that of industries, by using an example: The management of a car manufacturer comprises the organisation of the manufacturer and several hundred suppliers. To manage rural areas you have to consider e.g. countries with different natural basic fundaments as climatic distinctions – arid or humid, as different soil conditions, the different structures of farms – there are small family farms with less then 1 ha up to giant farms with several thousands of hectares or more - and the differences in their education - a big factor taking into account that there are hundred thousands or even millions of farmers in a country.
You have further the food or in the future also more biomass industry, small local producers or giants like Nestle or Unilever. That means you have a complex natural system and on top a complex human business network, working partly locally and partly worldwide and integrating three main „products“ within their work: food – bioenergy – environment (water, landscape, risks etc.) and you have public and private interests and social responsibilities.
The giants of the markets – that means the governments representing in many countries also the farmers as well as the large industries - tried to set up top down approaches for only covering their needs, disregarding the needs of the others being involved in the food and feed production chain. This was OK as long as we had 2 or 3 bn people on the world and any amount of untouched nature. But it is not OK anymore today with 6,4 bn people and will not be valid when there will be about 10 bn people needing more calories than ever before in 2050, having an ongoing climate change and an increasing sensitive environment within rural areas. Even the usage of new remote sensing technologies including satellites are only detecting but not solving any problem.
A bottom-up approach would help to solve problems worldwide. The details of a problem have to be identified in the nature with the help, the know how and work craft of farmers and foresters. Modern ICT tools like AGROffice help solving these problems with embedded expert know-how. Data can be transferred partly to partners in the business chain (see more in the following). Governments have to define targets.
The energy industry suppliers, the industries and also the agriculture will have to solve the CO² problems as problems like dust or SO² got solved in several countries/regions in the past. But we will need farmers and foresters helping actively ongoing environmental care taking. And we have nearly a workforce of 3 bn people worldwide that has to be organized to optimise the processes regarding the targets food/feed – bioenergy – environment.
That all will be only achieved with intensive use of ICT beside better cooperation, know how transfer and capacity building, better legislation and new control mechanism.
Further the valuation of land including RoI´s (Return of Invest) calculation as well as social responsibilities and their valuations and calculations have to be integrated. Environmental care taking has to be valued and can’t be free of charge, as we know that the externalisation of costs in the past induced the environmental problems of today. A performance by planning, realisation, control, reward, will give lots of new workplaces and income to rural population worldwide.
A few more words about the bottom up approach: In the reality, in rural areas, the first who receives information is the local farmer or forester. The representatives of a state will always be the last ones in the chain to get information. That means we have to start with ICT at farm level to follow a principle IT rule: Grab information where it originates and grab it only once. If a farmer is not able or does not want to do it, why ever, we have to use farm advisory systems with well-educated advisors handling several hundreds of farmers each (franchise models will be one possibility with standardised IT tools and certification for franchisees ). There is no necessity that all farmers use and learn IT with all the complex needs of holistic business and environment targets. Large farms will do it, they even will go further, into precision farming technologies, but small farms will use advisory services. Those will become a new trend during the next years. With the appropriate ICT tools, these farmers will be advised regarding documentation, traceability, calculation, planning, usage of agro-chemistry, the assignment of agricultural machines, etc. by consulting offices.
Only with the introduction of precise, holistic methods supported by ICT, integrating the know how of the many experts that we have worldwide, it will be possible to solve the current problems like food, undernourishment, climate change, natural risks etc. we face today.
Preamble
Globally there are hundreds of millions of farmers/foresters, some of them well-, but most too week educated to manage their enterprises economically and in a sustainable way or even to have appropriate growth. National regulations, whereby all producers have to comply with, and EU/US-national regulations that are relevant for companies exporting into these regions are additional barriers. And there are environmental problems and globalisation that makes it necessary for ALL farmers in the future to be involved in optimising the production of food or biomass and also get more responsibility for sustainable development. Furthermore FAO and World Bank highlight the issue of paying farmers for environmental work. On the other side, there are scientists with enormous know-how and access to data that farmers would need. So it is obvious that there is need to provide this know-how and these data to them.
“AGROffice complete” - the holistic approach for rural area management
Part of “AGROffice complete” is “WinGIS”, a PROGIS´ GIS development, an objectoriented, hybrid and open geographic information platform as the fundament for a total rural area management using satellite images, orthoimages and/or vector data. Applications for farmers, for foresters, for farm advisory services, for logistics needs, rural community needs, for ecological tasks and for risk- and land management were developed on top. The technology has a modular structure and comprises today the following products:
DokuPlant: The agriculture-software tools, integrates technologies like GIS, database, real-time management and expert information. It is used for
Open interfaces and internet allow links to subcontractors, customers, public authorities.
ForestOffice: GIS based, designed for forestry-planning, -inventory, -management, logistics.
Rural area LoGIStic is composed of a central station and mobGIS (mobile). It is a universal logistic tool, integrating GIS, communication (GPRS/UMTS), internet servers as hubs and a mobile GIS platform with embedded GPS on the machines.
FOMUMIIS: A brand new concept (developed in cooperation with the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences / Vienna) to handle environmental as well as risk management questions and is used by experts embedding their local know how again.
Community- and Pipeline-Management as well as fire brigade applications are rounding off the applications for a complete rural area management.
Main features
The product range “DokuPlant” was developed for farmers and farm advisory systems (EU 1783/2003) to manage agricultural enterprises best possible, to comply with regional and EU-wide regulations and to profit directly from the latest expert know-how, they usually don’t have access to. For a better management, a better overview, an easier data input, a quicker planning and documentation, monitoring and an exact analyse as base for decision making, there is integrated a GIS-platform, a real-time management and a so called expert-data base.
The construction of plots/fields is supported by embedded cadastre data or orthoimages. A perpetual calendar enables to display any ever-performed activity – what – when - where.
The integrated database is filled with agricultural expert data. Today in Germany it contains approx. 30.000 elements with 2.500 agro-machines linked with their costs, benefits etc., data of 3.000 mineral- and organic-fertilizers with their chemical contents, about 12.000 crops, about 500 crops and their average yields and seed needs as well as data including content from 850 legal approved herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. The methods and the whole work-process during a year with all embedded activities and the linked data are predefined for 500 different crops. This allows to reduce the planning to one drag and drop: Where (plot in the geography) do I grow what (select crops out of the expert model).
The expert-database of the ForestOffice contains the growth tables of different trees.
These agricultural and forest expert-data have to be modified with local experts partnering in a new “farm - farm advisory – expert” business model (connected IT-trust centers would gurantee the rights for data privacy) It allows the integration of public/private partners as co-beneficiaries, e.g. banks and insurance (an advise contains also business calculations transferable into a business plan that is needed for financing; a crop map is the base for insurance), food industry, trade & wholesale ((geo-)traceability is needed for food quality and risk management), agro-equipment- and agro chemistry industries (transfer of plan-data into data-loggers installed at tractor and transferred back done activities) and government departments (integrating statistic models or subsidy tools). Also franchise models with public/private farm advisory systems are possible.
Depending on the country needs, different models are possible to be set up in cooperation with public and/or private partners; based on these agreements, beside the agriculture also forest-, community-, utilities or logistics-solutions can be offered.
Pricings / licensing is available for partners (ask for distributor models), for single farmers and for farm advisory services (quantity discounts for farm advisory tools combinable with farmer tools) for only GIS users including different tools (ISO, OMEGA) and development environment (payment in advance or licensing models available), for other application users (forestry, community, fire brigade, pipeline). Also licensing modules are available covering complete countries and/or complete vertical markets. Ask for more details.
- About rural areas
- Management of rural areas – the future of rural areas - the necessity of a holistic approach
- ICT tool „AGROffice“ for the management of rural areas – the PROGIS approach
- SaRAM-project: Science assisting rural area management - ICT tools incl. GIS, applications and expert database for the know how transfer (Read more…..)
About rural areas:
The Rural area management affects more then 90% of the earth’s surface – in detail nearly 13 bn ha worldwide - and targets averaged about 50% of the world population living in rural areas. It includes agriculture (arable land 1,4 bn ha, pastures 3,2 and permanent crops 0,1 bn ha - in total 4,7 bn ha) and with it the production of food for 6,4 bn people today. In 40 years there will be nearly 10 bn people and the growth of food use is predicted with +80% (FAO). This amazing figure is declared by the fact, that meat growth will increase disproportional to the growth of other food.
Further, rural area management includes forestry – about 4,0 bn ha - that can be seen as sustainable only in a small part of the world today. The forestry together with agriculture is THE important O² (Oxygen) producer and CO² sink and possibly THE energy producer or at least one of the energy sources of the future as it was likewise in the past.
Rural areas are more than only food and wood and energy: They are a necessary regulator for the CO² - O² balance - also known due to the temperature increase or climate change. The total carbon content of forests has been estimated with 638 Gt for 2005 that is more than the amount of carbon in the entire atmosphere. This shows the storage capacity of forests. Further, rural areas are natural – or human supported – buffer areas for a large amount of natural risks like flood, landslide, rock fall, avalanches, torrents or desertification, just to cite some examples. In the same manner than a forest can keep the snow on top of the mountains also mangroves could have buffered a tsunami or in other words it is easier and cheaper to prevent – with human support sometimes – than to heal. The damages e.g. coming from natural disasters will increase 2010 - 2019 by 41 Bio USD per year ( )!!
But rural areas are also pillars for development and poverty reduction. In the following there are some statements of the WDR 2008 report (World Development Report) completed with some statements of PROGIS regarding their specific “AGROffice software technology”:
- Productivity growth in developing countries drove agriculture’s global success.
- Better planning, documentation, calculation – AGROffice will contribute further to the productivity increase
- Agriculture has to be protected and subsidized in developed countries.
- Management tools like AGROffice provide interfaces to subsidy system
- Smallholders have to be supported by financial services or insurances against risks
- ICT-based advise with AGROffice will create business plans as the basis for financing also smallholders.
- ICT-based planning and documentation with AGROffice serves as a basis for insuring crops
- Support should be done by institutional innovations, ICT-technologies and education
- AGROffice supports all these demands and is a technology for education, capacity building and for knowledge transfer
- Increased set-up of advisory systems or farmer-to farmer-extension services
- New ICT tools like AGROffice support farmers and/or advisors and
- also group of farmers (logistics, environment etc.)
- Policies to improve ICT access for and the integration of scientific organizations.
- This is part of the AGROffice model (Sa RA)
- Market competitiveness will become essential for rural area management
- And is also part of the AGROffice model
- Agricultural systems will have to be more environmentally sustainable, e.g. by improving water management, greening, managing intensive life-stock, payments for environmental services (ecological performances will have to be quantified, but financial pre-investments by regional and international organisations are necessary).
- AGROffice embeds environmental models.
Management of rural areas and the necessity of a holistic approach:
Although people start to understand the need to have healthy, prosperous and sustainable managed rural areas for the whole population – independent of the trend of migration into cities - the management of rural areas is split up into an immense number of different public and/or private interests today. In some countries, farmers/foresters assume a certain social responsibility towards the public, but in many countries there doesn’t exist any necessary responsibility, probably also due to the fact, that they are not paid for it - that their work on the environment is taken for granted. FAO demands to pay farmers for environment caretaking – this means to define targets, to measure services and to pay according efforts.
In addition to farmers and foresters also organisations like rural area land-management and / or land use planning, the agricultural chambers representing the farmers, public organisations for rivers, lakes, farms, forests, water including groundwater, torrents or avalanches, general natural risk management, forest fire, wildlife and any amount of NGOs are covering also some elements of rural areas. There is too less or no communication between mentioned organisations and in most cases neither IT tools nor base data are available for their effective work. Each organisation starts practically from zero instead of exchanging existing data to get new information. They are heavily defending their individual targets as the most important ones, needing the maximum support from the government without having ever defined an overall target.
Today the management of rural areas is the largest IT market worldwide not yet really touched. US studies show that farmers in the US are using PCs and Internet at a high percentage (40+%), but details show that they use it only to a small part for business (market information mainly). There are only 20 % using computers for their business – an amazing figure considering the US as THE IT country. What’s actually about the rest of the world?
Today we don’t find anywhere an existing, integrated or holistic approach that would be necessary to get a real picture of rural areas, of farms and forests. There do exist only some business data, but even the basic information like on soil or forest ground with its contents and alterations, their energy and nutrient balance etc. are missing in most of the cases. That would be the most elementary and important information for getting a real picture for evaluating e.g. a groundwater situation, biodiversity etc. for a sustainable management of rural areas (see also next side - bottom up approach). Reasons therefore are missing integrative IT tools that can be used by all involved in the food and feed processing chain beginning from the farmer until the public authority. That doesn’t mean that all would have to work with one system, but there has to be provided a solution with open interfaces to get linked with or to have access to.
In the following we would like to demonstrate the complexity of a rural area management compared with that of industries, by using an example: The management of a car manufacturer comprises the organisation of the manufacturer and several hundred suppliers. To manage rural areas you have to consider e.g. countries with different natural basic fundaments as climatic distinctions – arid or humid, as different soil conditions, the different structures of farms – there are small family farms with less then 1 ha up to giant farms with several thousands of hectares or more - and the differences in their education - a big factor taking into account that there are hundred thousands or even millions of farmers in a country.
You have further the food or in the future also more biomass industry, small local producers or giants like Nestle or Unilever. That means you have a complex natural system and on top a complex human business network, working partly locally and partly worldwide and integrating three main „products“ within their work: food – bioenergy – environment (water, landscape, risks etc.) and you have public and private interests and social responsibilities.
The giants of the markets – that means the governments representing in many countries also the farmers as well as the large industries - tried to set up top down approaches for only covering their needs, disregarding the needs of the others being involved in the food and feed production chain. This was OK as long as we had 2 or 3 bn people on the world and any amount of untouched nature. But it is not OK anymore today with 6,4 bn people and will not be valid when there will be about 10 bn people needing more calories than ever before in 2050, having an ongoing climate change and an increasing sensitive environment within rural areas. Even the usage of new remote sensing technologies including satellites are only detecting but not solving any problem.
A bottom-up approach would help to solve problems worldwide. The details of a problem have to be identified in the nature with the help, the know how and work craft of farmers and foresters. Modern ICT tools like AGROffice help solving these problems with embedded expert know-how. Data can be transferred partly to partners in the business chain (see more in the following). Governments have to define targets.
The energy industry suppliers, the industries and also the agriculture will have to solve the CO² problems as problems like dust or SO² got solved in several countries/regions in the past. But we will need farmers and foresters helping actively ongoing environmental care taking. And we have nearly a workforce of 3 bn people worldwide that has to be organized to optimise the processes regarding the targets food/feed – bioenergy – environment.
That all will be only achieved with intensive use of ICT beside better cooperation, know how transfer and capacity building, better legislation and new control mechanism.
Further the valuation of land including RoI´s (Return of Invest) calculation as well as social responsibilities and their valuations and calculations have to be integrated. Environmental care taking has to be valued and can’t be free of charge, as we know that the externalisation of costs in the past induced the environmental problems of today. A performance by planning, realisation, control, reward, will give lots of new workplaces and income to rural population worldwide.
A few more words about the bottom up approach: In the reality, in rural areas, the first who receives information is the local farmer or forester. The representatives of a state will always be the last ones in the chain to get information. That means we have to start with ICT at farm level to follow a principle IT rule: Grab information where it originates and grab it only once. If a farmer is not able or does not want to do it, why ever, we have to use farm advisory systems with well-educated advisors handling several hundreds of farmers each (franchise models will be one possibility with standardised IT tools and certification for franchisees ). There is no necessity that all farmers use and learn IT with all the complex needs of holistic business and environment targets. Large farms will do it, they even will go further, into precision farming technologies, but small farms will use advisory services. Those will become a new trend during the next years. With the appropriate ICT tools, these farmers will be advised regarding documentation, traceability, calculation, planning, usage of agro-chemistry, the assignment of agricultural machines, etc. by consulting offices.
Only with the introduction of precise, holistic methods supported by ICT, integrating the know how of the many experts that we have worldwide, it will be possible to solve the current problems like food, undernourishment, climate change, natural risks etc. we face today.
- ICT tools for rural area management
PROGIS approach:
Preamble
Globally there are hundreds of millions of farmers/foresters, some of them well-, but most too week educated to manage their enterprises economically and in a sustainable way or even to have appropriate growth. National regulations, whereby all producers have to comply with, and EU/US-national regulations that are relevant for companies exporting into these regions are additional barriers. And there are environmental problems and globalisation that makes it necessary for ALL farmers in the future to be involved in optimising the production of food or biomass and also get more responsibility for sustainable development. Furthermore FAO and World Bank highlight the issue of paying farmers for environmental work. On the other side, there are scientists with enormous know-how and access to data that farmers would need. So it is obvious that there is need to provide this know-how and these data to them.
“AGROffice complete” - the holistic approach for rural area management
Part of “AGROffice complete” is “WinGIS”, a PROGIS´ GIS development, an objectoriented, hybrid and open geographic information platform as the fundament for a total rural area management using satellite images, orthoimages and/or vector data. Applications for farmers, for foresters, for farm advisory services, for logistics needs, rural community needs, for ecological tasks and for risk- and land management were developed on top. The technology has a modular structure and comprises today the following products:
DokuPlant: The agriculture-software tools, integrates technologies like GIS, database, real-time management and expert information. It is used for
- documentation - food traceability, (EU 178/2002)
- nutrient (energy) balance for field / whole farms (EU 2000/60/EG)
- business calculation for farms,
- (thematic) mapping as well as
- subsidy management. (EU 1782/2003)
Open interfaces and internet allow links to subcontractors, customers, public authorities.
- DokuPlant precision farming (PF) module with integrated PF tools and lots of backoffice functions to communicate with ISO-and CAN-bus systems.
- DokuPlant virtual farming module for combining “virtual” larger fields to overcome the small farm size problem but leave the farmers to stay owners of their ground
ForestOffice: GIS based, designed for forestry-planning, -inventory, -management, logistics.
Rural area LoGIStic is composed of a central station and mobGIS (mobile). It is a universal logistic tool, integrating GIS, communication (GPRS/UMTS), internet servers as hubs and a mobile GIS platform with embedded GPS on the machines.
FOMUMIIS: A brand new concept (developed in cooperation with the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences / Vienna) to handle environmental as well as risk management questions and is used by experts embedding their local know how again.
Community- and Pipeline-Management as well as fire brigade applications are rounding off the applications for a complete rural area management.
Main features
The product range “DokuPlant” was developed for farmers and farm advisory systems (EU 1783/2003) to manage agricultural enterprises best possible, to comply with regional and EU-wide regulations and to profit directly from the latest expert know-how, they usually don’t have access to. For a better management, a better overview, an easier data input, a quicker planning and documentation, monitoring and an exact analyse as base for decision making, there is integrated a GIS-platform, a real-time management and a so called expert-data base.
The construction of plots/fields is supported by embedded cadastre data or orthoimages. A perpetual calendar enables to display any ever-performed activity – what – when - where.
The integrated database is filled with agricultural expert data. Today in Germany it contains approx. 30.000 elements with 2.500 agro-machines linked with their costs, benefits etc., data of 3.000 mineral- and organic-fertilizers with their chemical contents, about 12.000 crops, about 500 crops and their average yields and seed needs as well as data including content from 850 legal approved herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. The methods and the whole work-process during a year with all embedded activities and the linked data are predefined for 500 different crops. This allows to reduce the planning to one drag and drop: Where (plot in the geography) do I grow what (select crops out of the expert model).
The expert-database of the ForestOffice contains the growth tables of different trees.
These agricultural and forest expert-data have to be modified with local experts partnering in a new “farm - farm advisory – expert” business model (connected IT-trust centers would gurantee the rights for data privacy) It allows the integration of public/private partners as co-beneficiaries, e.g. banks and insurance (an advise contains also business calculations transferable into a business plan that is needed for financing; a crop map is the base for insurance), food industry, trade & wholesale ((geo-)traceability is needed for food quality and risk management), agro-equipment- and agro chemistry industries (transfer of plan-data into data-loggers installed at tractor and transferred back done activities) and government departments (integrating statistic models or subsidy tools). Also franchise models with public/private farm advisory systems are possible.
Depending on the country needs, different models are possible to be set up in cooperation with public and/or private partners; based on these agreements, beside the agriculture also forest-, community-, utilities or logistics-solutions can be offered.
Pricings / licensing is available for partners (ask for distributor models), for single farmers and for farm advisory services (quantity discounts for farm advisory tools combinable with farmer tools) for only GIS users including different tools (ISO, OMEGA) and development environment (payment in advance or licensing models available), for other application users (forestry, community, fire brigade, pipeline). Also licensing modules are available covering complete countries and/or complete vertical markets. Ask for more details.
